The Oropouche virus, also known as sloth fever, has made its debut in Europe this year with confirmed cases reported in Italy, Spain, and Germany. Originally identified in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, this virus, which was previously unknown in Europe, has now spread to the continent through travelers who had recently visited Cuba.
In June and July of 2024, Spain recorded twelve cases of the Oropouche virus. All affected individuals had traveled to Cuba prior to their diagnosis. Germany reported two cases, and Italy reported five, with a notable pattern emerging: eighteen of the nineteen cases were linked to Cuba, while one was associated with Brazil. There is no evidence to suggest that the virus has spread locally within Europe.
The symptoms of the Oropouche virus closely resemble those of dengue fever, malaria, and the Zika virus. These symptoms include fever, headache, and joint pain. Although rare, the virus can be fatal. Health officials are monitoring the situation closely and have advised residents to seek medical attention if they experience symptoms, even though there have been no verified cases in the UK.
In Italy, two patients who had traveled to Cuba earlier this year were admitted to hospitals with symptoms consistent with the Oropouche virus. A 26-year-old woman who returned from the Cuban region of Ciego de Avila presented with fever and diarrhea upon arriving in Verona on May 26. Similarly, a 45-year-old man sought medical care in Fori, Italy, on June 7 after experiencing symptoms following visits to Havana and Santiago de Cuba.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has assessed the risk of the Oropouche virus spreading within the European Union and the European Economic Area as extremely low. However, the ECDC has stressed the importance of vigilance and prompt medical consultation if symptoms are present.
The virus was first identified in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, named after the Oropouche River in the region. While the virus is not new, its appearance in Europe marks a significant development in its geographic spread. The medical community remains on high alert to monitor and manage the situation effectively.
Travelers and residents are advised to stay informed about the virus and consult healthcare professionals if they develop symptoms after visiting areas where the Oropouche virus is known to be present. The ongoing vigilance by health authorities aims to prevent further spread and ensure that any cases are promptly addressed to safeguard public health across Europe.
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