This week, Sarajevo’s air pollution has reached alarming levels, placing the Bosnian capital among the most polluted cities in the world. The city, already known for its winter pollution issues, now ranks as Europe’s most polluted city according to IQAir, with only New Delhi recording worse air quality. Surrounded by mountains and struggling with temperature inversion, Sarajevo faces a serious environmental and health crisis.
The Impact of Smog on Daily Life
Thick fog and smog have drastically reduced visibility in Sarajevo, with some areas reporting only a few dozen meters of clarity. Daylight appears dimmed as streetlights and buildings vanish behind the toxic haze. The hazardous air quality has forced residents indoors, limiting road traffic and halting many daily activities.
“I am hardly coping with this weather,” said resident Sanjin Hakalovic. “It’s very difficult to breathe.” Many locals have resorted to wearing masks to combat the health risks, while others express growing concerns for children and the elderly.
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Causes of Sarajevo’s Pollution Crisis
Sarajevo’s pollution problem stems from several factors. The city’s geography, nestled in a valley, creates temperature inversions that trap cold air and pollutants close to the ground. This natural phenomenon, combined with fog, worsens during the winter months.
The primary culprits for the pollution include:
- Burning low-quality coal and wood for heating.
- An aging fleet of diesel vehicles that release harmful emissions.
- Rapid construction of high-rise buildings, which block wind corridors and hinder air circulation.
Despite these challenges, Sarajevo has no major polluting industries, as many were destroyed during the Bosnian war in the 1990s.
Ineffective Government Measures
Last winter, Sarajevo’s government pledged to address pollution by banning older vehicles and suspending school classes during severe pollution episodes. However, these measures remain unimplemented. The cantonal government has cited ongoing investments in public transport and energy efficiency, but tangible results have yet to materialize.
Local air quality experts argue that more aggressive action is needed. “This can be resolved only by eliminating the use of fossil fuels and reducing traffic, which is choking the streets,” said Muris Spahic, a retired dean of Sarajevo University.
Health and Environmental Concerns
Residents are increasingly worried about the health effects of prolonged exposure to such hazardous air. Respiratory problems, especially among children and the elderly, are on the rise. Many parents fear for their children who engage in outdoor sports, while others express concerns for their aging family members.
A Call for Sustainable Solutions
Experts emphasize that Sarajevo’s pollution crisis requires long-term, sustainable solutions. Transitioning to cleaner energy sources, modernizing public transport, and stricter urban planning are critical steps. Without significant changes, Sarajevo’s winters will continue to bring health hazards and environmental challenges.
The Bosnian capital’s struggle with pollution serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for action in combating air quality crises around the world.
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