MOSCOW – April 17, 2025: In a major policy shift, Russia has officially suspended its decades-long designation of the Taliban as a terrorist organisation, signalling a possible normalization of diplomatic and economic relations with Afghanistan’s de facto rulers.
The Russian Supreme Court lifted the ban on Thursday, ending a classification that had been in place since 2003. This move, announced via state media, reflects the Kremlin’s evolving geopolitical strategy amid growing regional security threats and economic interests in Central and South Asia.
A Step Toward Formal Recognition?
While no country currently recognizes the Taliban-led government, which seized power in August 2021 after the U.S. withdrawal, Russia has been increasingly engaging with Taliban leaders. President Vladimir Putin referred to the group last year as a “partner in the fight against terrorism.”
The Russian Foreign Ministry stated that Moscow seeks to develop “mutually beneficial ties” with Kabul, particularly in counter-terrorism and anti-narcotics efforts. The ministry also expressed gratitude to the Taliban for their military actions against the Afghan branch of the Islamic State (ISIS-K) — the group blamed for the deadly March 2024 attack in Moscow that killed 145 people.
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Security Concerns Drive Engagement
Russia’s recalibrated stance comes amid intensifying concerns over Islamist militant threats originating from Afghanistan and neighboring regions. Moscow considers stability in Afghanistan critical for its southern borders and for maintaining security across Central Asia.
“Russia aims to build partnerships in all areas, including counterterrorism and trade,” the Foreign Ministry said. “Afghanistan’s strategic position makes it a valuable ally for future infrastructure and energy projects.”
Strategic Economic Interests
Beyond security, Russia is eyeing deeper trade and investment ties with Afghanistan. Moscow views the country’s geographic location as a bridge for connecting energy routes and infrastructure projects across South and Central Asia.
The Russian-Taliban dialogue aligns with Moscow’s broader foreign policy approach — engagement over isolation, particularly in regions where Western influence has waned.
Taliban’s Global Standing Remains Contentious
Despite Russia’s policy reversal, the Taliban continues to face international criticism, especially over its harsh restrictions on women and girls. The group has shut down girls’ schools and universities and imposed limitations on female mobility and employment.
Western nations have made recognition conditional on significant policy reforms, especially regarding human rights and women’s education. The Taliban, however, maintains that its actions are in accordance with its interpretation of Islamic law.
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